@Article{ReisPaReTeNaFoOm:2020:PaGlCh,
               author = "Reis, Carla Roberta Gon{\c{c}}alves and Pacheco, Felipe Siqueira 
                         and Reed, Sasha C. and Tejada Pinell, Graciela and Nardoto, 
                         Gabriela B. and Forti, Maria Cristina and Ometto, Jean Pierre 
                         Henry Balbaud",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {U.S. Geological 
                         Survey} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade de Bras{\'{\i}}lia (UnB)} and {Instituto Nacional 
                         de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Biological nitrogen fixation across major biomes in Latin America: 
                         Patterns and global change effects",
              journal = "Science of the Total Environment",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "746",
                pages = "e140998",
             keywords = "Agriculture, Land-use change, Legume, Nitrogen cycle, Nitrogen 
                         deposition, Terrestrial ecosystems.",
             abstract = "Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) supports terrestrial primary 
                         productivity and plays key roles in mediating human-induced 
                         changes in global nitrogen (N) and carbon cycling. However, there 
                         are still critical uncertainties in our understanding of the 
                         amount of BNF occurring across terrestrial ecosystems, and of how 
                         terrestrial BNF will respond to global change. We synthesized BNF 
                         data from Latin America, a region reported to sustain some of the 
                         highest BNF rates on Earth, but that is underrepresented in 
                         previous data syntheses. We used metaanalysis and modeling 
                         approaches to estimate BNF rates across Latin America's major 
                         biomes and to evaluate the potential effects of increased N 
                         deposition and land-use change on these rates. Unmanaged tropical 
                         and subtropical moist forests sustained observed and predicted 
                         total BNF rates of 10 ± 1 and 14 ± 1 kg N ha\−1 y\−1 
                         , respectively, supporting the hypothesis that these forests 
                         sustain lower BNF rates than previously thought. Free-living BNF 
                         accounted for two-thirds of the total BNF in these forests. 
                         Despite an average 30% reduction of free-living BNF in response to 
                         experimental N-addition, our results suggest free-living BNF rate 
                         responses to current and projected N deposition across tropical 
                         and subtropical moist forests are small. In contrast, the 
                         conversion of unmanaged ecosystems to crop and pasture lands 
                         increased BNF rates across all terrestrial biomes, mostly in 
                         savannas, grasslands, and dry forests, increasing BNF rates 
                         2-fold. The information obtained here provides a more 
                         comprehensive understanding of BNF patterns for Latin Americ.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140998",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140998",
                 issn = "0048-9697",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "reis_biological.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}